The idea that the Moon is a blown-off chunk of the Earth is known as the giant impact hypothesis – but the presence of carbon on the Moon throws this hypothesis into question.
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Sources:
Moon:
https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/19/eaba1050
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2242725-the-moon-is-emitting-carbon-raising-questions-about-how-it-was-formed/
https://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/apollo/apollo-program/apollo-results/
https://history.nasa.gov/EP-177/ch2-2-1.html
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2236797-oxygen-in-lunar-rocks-suggests-the-moon-formed-in-huge-collision/
https://www.space.com/26142-moon-formation-giant-impact-theory-support.html
https://www.quantamagazine.org/what-made-the-moon-new-ideas-try-to-rescue-a-troubled-theory-20170802/
https://theconversation.com/how-the-moon-formed-new-research-133204
https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/kaguya/in-depth/
https://sservi.nasa.gov/articles/water-discovered-in-apollo-moon-rocks-likely-came-from-comets/
Light Sails:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0094576520302836
https://earthsky.org/space/alpha-centauri-travel-time
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/tdm/solarsail/index.html
https://www.planetary.org/explore/projects/lightsail-solar-sailing/
https://earth.esa.int/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/i/ikaros
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/07/21/national/science-health/huge-sail-will-power-jaxa-mission-trojan-asteroids-back/
Image Sources:
https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=10930
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Artist%27s_concept_of_collision_at_HD_172555.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Simple_model.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lunar_Olivine_Basalt_15555_from_Apollo_15_in_National_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NASA_Lunar_Sample_15498.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NASA_Lunar_Sample_60015.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Selene.gif
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/tdm/solarsail/index.html
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IKAROS_solar_sail.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LightSail_2.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IKAROS_IAC_2010.jpg
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20160005683
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Relativity_of_Simultaneity_Animation.gif
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nano_Sail_D.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_line2.svg
https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/231029.php
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