Scientists come up with lots of possible reasons why rain triggers earthworms mysterious behavior: popping out of the soil and getting stranded on the ground.
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Sources:
https://www.livescience.com/32480-why-does-rain-bring-a-flood-of-earthworms.html
Curiosities: After rains, why do worms crawl out onto the pavement and “commit suicide”?
http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2008-03/science-everyday-why-earthworms-surface
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-earthworms-surface-after-rain/
http://www.learner.org/jnorth/search/WormNotes3.html
http://www.academia.edu/7438399/Role_of_diurnal_rhythm_of_oxygen_consumption_in_emergence_from_soil_at_night_after_heavy_rain_by_earthworms
http://extension.psu.edu/plants/crops/soil-management/soil-quality/earthworms
http://www.earthwormsoc.org.uk/node/60
https://books.google.com/books?id=CRv3BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA77
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2015/06/04/whats-up-with-these-bizarre-piles-of-worms-on-a-texas-road/?utm_term=.9a956ce0c783
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0003472#
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2657739/
http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/46127489/Wetzel_Uchman_Bromley_2016_Trails_of_earthworms_Ichnos_23.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1498482742&Signature=zOnkEWU9K9wkF794cfZi2jwQiFE&response-content-disposition=inlinefilenameWetzel_Uchman_Bromley_2016_Trails_of_ear.pdf
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